A female dog in heat (estrus) goes through physical and behavioral changes that signal her fertility. The heat cycle happens about every 6 to 8 months and lasts 2 to 4 weeks.
Physical Signs of Heat in Female Dogs:
1. Swollen Vulva – The vulva becomes enlarged and puffy.
2. Bloody Discharge – Starts as pink or red and may turn straw-colored as heat progresses.
3. Frequent Urination – She may urinate more often to spread her scent.
4. Tail Flagging – She moves her tail to the side, signaling readiness to mate.
5. Changes in Appetite – Some dogs eat less, while others may eat more.
Behavioral Signs of Heat:
1. Increased Affection – She may seek more attention and cuddles.
2. Restlessness & Agitation – Pacing, whining, or acting anxious.
3. Flirting with Males – She may try to escape to find a mate.
4. Mounting Behavior – She may mount other dogs, objects, or people.
5. More Vocalization – Barking, whining, or howling more than usual.
While most female dogs go through their heat cycle without issues, some complications can arise. Here are a few potential problems to watch for:
1. Pyometra (Uterine Infection)
A life-threatening infection that can occur after a heat cycle, especially in older or unspayed dogs.
Symptoms:
Pus or foul-smelling discharge
Lethargy and depression
Loss of appetite
Increased thirst and urination
Swollen abdomen (in severe cases)
Treatment: Requires emergency veterinary care, often surgery (spaying).
2. Prolonged or Irregular Heat Cycles
Heat usually lasts 2-4 weeks. If it lasts longer or happens too frequently, it may indicate:
Ovarian cysts
Hormonal imbalances
Underlying reproductive disorders
Consult a vet if the heat cycle is unusually long or irregular.
3. Excessive Bleeding (Hemorrhaging)
Some bleeding is normal, but excessive bleeding could indicate:
Vaginal or uterine injury
Clotting disorders
Reproductive tract infections
Seek veterinary help if bleeding is very heavy or lasts more than 4 weeks.
4. Silent Heat (No Visible Symptoms)
Some dogs go into heat without obvious signs, making it hard to detect fertility.
Risk: Higher chance of unplanned pregnancy.
Solution: Hormonal tests or veterinary exams can confirm heat status.
5. Pseudopregnancy (False Pregnancy)
Some dogs behave as if they are pregnant after heat, even without mating.
Symptoms:
Nesting behavior
Enlarged nipples
Producing milk
Carrying around toys as if they were puppies
Usually resolves on its own, but severe cases may need vet intervention.
6. Aggression or Anxiety
Hormonal changes can make some dogs aggressive, anxious, or overly clingy.
Management:
Provide a calm environment
Keep her away from male dogs to prevent stress
Consider consulting a vet if aggression is severe
Would you like advice on how to prevent these complications?